Main scientific results by INP BSU staff in 2015 in the area of fundamental scientific research

  • An effect of increase of intensity of hard gamma-radiation from electrons in bended and modulated crystals was predicted and observed in experiment. The effect is caused by capture of electrons in channeling mode because of incoherent scattering on nuclei and bound electrons in crystal. This effect can be used in development and optimisation of sources of hard gamma-radiation to study the properties and modify atomic nuclei, and for radiation action on matter.
  • The intensity of quasi-Cherenkov and Cherenkov radiation of a charged particle, which moves in a photonic crystal (a periodic structure formed by parallel metallic threads), was shown to sharply increase in the range of radiation wavelengths of the order of magnitude equal to the dimensions of scatterer.
  • Crucial limitations of the use of heterogenous detector modules in high-luminosity collider experiments were determined. Principal possibility of use of materials of garnet structure type based on yttrium was shown for creation of electromagnetic calorimeters, which are insensitive to radiation for LHC with high luminosity.
  • Excessive radiation degradation of hadron calorimeter of CMS detector (Large hadron collider) was explained. An economically effective method of improvement of radiation insensitivity was proposed, that is suitable for the complete operation term at increased luminosity of the collider.
  • Differential cross-section of 3-jet events was measured at energy 7 TeV in the centre of mass system of protons using detector ATLAS at Large hadron collider (LHC), differential cross-section of the Drell-Young process was measured at energy 8 TeV in the centre of mass system of protons using detector CMS at LHC. LePeProGen event generator was updated for simulation of Drell-Yan process. Monte-Carlo generator was developed for simulation of exclusive birth of electron pairs in electon-proton scattering as a background process during the birth of "hard" photons. The contribution of hard photon radiation during the measurement of charge asymmetry was estimated in lepton-proton scattering in ultrarelativistic approximation. A new approach to solution of the problem of divergences in quantum field theory, transition of gravity from low energies to high energies, dark energy problems was proposed in the framework of minimum description length theory.
  • Strong absorption and the opportunity of tuning in wide ranges of radiation interaction with superthin graphene films was shown in experiment and in theory. The ways to increase the absorption of inherent electromagnetic radiation in microwave range were proposed in graphene monolayers up to 100% using the selection of optimal thickness and dielectric parameters of the bed, optimal angle of incidence and polarization of inherent wave. CVD quality of graphene (grain size, presence of holes and on the contrary, germs of second and third layers) was shown to have low effect on the electromagnetic properties of sandwich structures polimer/graphene that have optimal design (i. e. that provides absorption of 50% electromagnetic wave that transverses orthogonally to the surface in free space). An operation principle was formulated and a scheme of effective polarizer of electromagnetic radiation in wide range of spectrum using this effect was proposed.